Dealing with the aftermath of a water event can expose you to several serious health risks, including cancer. Always take the health effects into consideration when work is being done on your home. Below we list several relevant health hazards as examples, which is not intended to provide a complete overview. Please consult with an expert about the dangers that apply in your specific situation, and study the Safety Data Sheet of all used products.
- Dust
- Vapors
- Skin contact
- Loud noises
Dust and small particles
Cutting, breaking, removing and sanding drywall releases dust. Contractors can hang plastic sheeting to contain dust to a particular area, but unless fully sealed, dust can still escape. Breathing drywall dust irritates the eyes, nose, throat, airways, and lungs, can lead to persistent coughing, phlegm production, and lung diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer. Although rare, drywall and putty compound can also contain asbestos. Sanding paint can release lead particles. Fiberglass and rockwool insulation can release small particles that can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Vapors
Building materials and insulation can release formaldehyde, which can cause irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat, and can cause cancer.
Paints, coatings, adhesives, and caulk can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These can cause respiratory issues, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and headaches, even if they are odorless or have a pleasant smell. They can also cause long-term damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system, and may cause cancer.
Protecting yourself
Whether you keep living in your home or briefly visit to inspect the work that is being done, the following suggestions can help to keep you safe.
First and foremost, adequate ventilation is the first layer of protection against most risks. It reduces the level of dust particles and VOCs to which you get exposed. Window fans can help move the air on less windy days.
The second layer of protection is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). You can protect yourself from dust and lead particles by wearing a respirator. Respirators have a certain specification, such as N95 or P99. The letter refers to the type of particles that get filtered. N masks are not oil resistant while R and P masks provide protection from some oil-based particles. The number indicates the percentage of particles that get filtered. A higher number provides better filtration. It is crucial that the respirator fits tightly. If any air can bypass the filter, it is ineffective. Some respirators have an activated carbon filter, which can protect against formaldehyde and VOCs. When directly handling products, a coverall and goggles might be recommended.
Finally, a powerful air scrubber with a heavy duty carbon filter, such as the NIKRO PS1000, can remove dust particles and VOCs. This is a rather expensive option, but might strike the right balance between convenience and safety. It should be noted that air scrubbers are noisy.